New First Nations water bill changes mention of 'right' to clean water access

A new First Nations clean water bill set to be introduced by Prime Minister Mark Carney's government changes a provision in a previous bill that would have recognized First Nations have a human right to clean drinking water.

The Canadian Press has obtained a draft of the bill labelled "for consultation until June 11, 2026." It's not clear if any changes were made since the consultation period ended.

Some First Nations leaders had expected the bill to be introduced as early as Monday, but that didn't happen. It's now expected on Tuesday, and Indigenous Services Minister Mandy Gull-Masty is scheduled to hold a news conference.

The House of Commons is expected to rise by Friday for the summer break, which means the legislation likely won't be debated or voted on until the fall.

A previous bill was introduced in 2023 by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's Indigenous services minister, Patty Hajdu.

That legislation, drafted in response to a lawsuit against the government that was settled in 2021, went beyond the terms of the settlement. It included an option for source water protection and recognition that First Nations have a human right to clean drinking water.

The legislation was opposed by the provinces of Alberta and Ontario, which warned that it would undermine resource development.

That bill was drafted with input from First Nations and nearly became law after weeks of study and debate, but it died when Parliament was prorogued last year.

In January of last year — months before the last federal election — Hajdu said she hoped "whoever's in government next time picks this up" and called the bill "incredibly thoughtful legislation that was co-drafted with First Nations people."

Gull-Masty promised last summer that a new bill would affirm First Nations' human right to clean drinking water.

Some First Nations leaders said they have not been consulted on the new legislation.

Both versions of the bill share the goal of ensuring First Nations have reliable access to safe drinking water and wastewater treatment, but the new draft legislation blurs the language in the old bill that affirmed access to clean drinking water as a human right.

"It is declared to be the policy of the Government of Canada to further the progressive realization, for individuals on First Nation lands, of the human right to safe drinking water, as protected by the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights," the new draft bill says.

Progressive realization means governments move forward to the recognition of rights over time.

The previous legislation said "it is recognized and affirmed that it is a human right of every individual on First Nations land to have access to clean and safe drinking water in accordance with this Act."

The new legislation includes a preamble that recognizes women as water keepers, and that elders keep traditional knowledge that is vital to water governance and management, as was included in the previous bill.

It also notes that clean and safe water is integral to First Nations' cultures, including as environments for plants, fish and other animals.

The new legislation continues with the frame that First Nations, along with provinces and the federal government, have the ability to enter into tripartite agreements to protect source water on First Nations' territories.

Billy Morin, the Conservatives' Indigenous services critic, said in a social media post that the Carney government was moving a "watered down" bill that "only expands government jobs and doesn't actually get results for First Nations."

Indigenous Services Canada reports there are 37 boil-water advisories in place in 36 communities, most of them in Ontario.

Trudeau promised to end all boil-water advisories by 2021 but did not succeed.

A lawyer who represented First Nations in the class-action lawsuit against Ottawa said in late May his clients still had not been consulted on the legislation — even though the lawsuit settlement directed the federal government to work with First Nations to develop it.

“It’s just completely unacceptable to our clients that they’re left in this vacuum where there’s nothing that actually governs water on-reserve, and there hasn’t been for some time,” lawyer Michael Rosenberg told The Canadian Press.

Gull-Masty's office did not say who it consulted on the legislation when it was asked at the time.

This report by The Canadian Press was first published June 15, 2026.

By Alessia Passafiume | Copyright 2026, The Canadian Press. All rights reserved.